RESUMO
La incidencia y prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad ha experimentado un gran incremento en las últimas tres décadas y afecta a casi todos los países del orbe. Este fenómeno no se explica fácilmente por los cambios del estilo de vida en las distintas poblaciones con hábitos de partida muy distintos. Por lo que además del cambio del estilo de vida, otros factores empiezan a tenerse en cuenta, los llamados disruptores endocrinos y más concretamente los obesógenos. Revisamos la evidencia que existe sobre sustancias químicas que polucionan el ambiente que potencialmente puedan ser obesógenos en humanos: el dietilestilbestrol (DES), la ginesteína, el bisfenol-A, los derivados orgánicos de estaño y los ftalatos. Los tres primeros actúan principalmente sobre los receptores estrogénicos y los derivados orgánicos del estaño y los ftalatos activando los PPARγ. En conclusión, existen evidencias del efecto obesógeno de estas sustancias en estudios en animales de experimentación, tanto in vitro como in vivo, pero muy pocas en humanos. (AU)
ncidence and prevalence of owerweight and obesity have greatly increased over the past three decades in almost all countries around the world. This phenomenon is not easily explained by lifestyle changes in populations with very different initial habits. This has led to consider the influence of other factors, the so-called endocrine disruptors, and more specifically obesogens. This study reviewed the available evidence about polluting chemical substances which may potentially be obesogens in humans: DES, genistein, bisphenol A, organotins (TBT, TPT), and phthalates. The first three groups of substances mainly act upon estrogen receptors, while organotins and phthalates activate PPARγ. It was concluded that evidence exists of the obesogenic effect of these chemical substances in tissues and experimental animals, but few data are available in humans (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , /análise , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , PPAR gama/farmacocinética , Dietilexilftalato/efeitos adversos , Compostos Orgânicos de Estanho/efeitos adversos , Receptores de Estrogênio , Dietilestilbestrol/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Incidence and prevalence of owerweight and obesity have greatly increased over the past three decades in almost all countries around the world. This phenomenon is not easily explained by lifestyle changes in populations with very different initial habits. This has led to consider the influence of other factors, the so-called endocrine disruptors, and more specifically obesogens. This study reviewed the available evidence about polluting chemical substances which may potentially be obesogens in humans: DES, genistein, bisphenol A, organotins (TBT, TPT), and phthalates. The first three groups of substances mainly act upon estrogen receptors, while organotins and phthalates activate PPARγ. It was concluded that evidence exists of the obesogenic effect of these chemical substances in tissues and experimental animals, but few data are available in humans.
